Crocodile vs. Alligator : Spot the Difference

The easiest way to distinguish between an alligator and a crocodile is by examining their heads. Crocodiles have long, narrow V-shaped snouts, giving them a more pointed appearance. On the other hand, alligators have broader, rounded U-shaped heads. Another notable feature lies in their mouths.

Crocodiles have jaws of equal length, so their teeth are visible even when their mouths are closed, giving them an almost sinister grin. Alligators, in contrast, have upper jaws that conceal their lower teeth when their mouths are shut, creating a smoother look.

The names of these creatures have linguistic roots that reflect their history. “Crocodile” originates from the ancient Greek word “crocodilos,” meaning “lizard” or “lizard of the Nile.” Romans adapted this to “crocodiles,” which translates to “pebble worm,” describing how Nile crocodiles basked along rocky riverbanks.

The name “alligator” comes from the Spanish “el lagarto,” meaning “the lizard.” Spanish explorers encountering alligators in Florida’s swamps coined this term.

Alligators are predominantly found in the Southeastern United States, stretching from North Carolina to Texas. The American alligator thrives in Florida and Louisiana, with each state housing around one million of these reptiles. Interestingly, South Florida is the only place where alligators and crocodiles coexist.

Across the globe, a smaller species of alligator lives exclusively in China’s Yangtze Valley. This Chinese alligator is an endangered species, making conservation efforts crucial.

Crocodiles are far more widespread, with 14 species distributed across Asia, South America, Central America, Australia, Africa, Indonesia, and India. Due to their sensitivity to cold temperatures, crocodiles inhabit mostly tropical and equatorial regions.

Their salt glands enable them to thrive in salty water, a trait that suits their coastal habitats. Whether in mangroves, estuaries, or rivers, crocodiles are masters of their domain.

American alligators average about 13 feet in length, though some can grow up to 14 feet or longer. The largest recorded alligator in the wild measured a staggering 19.2 feet. Weight-wise, American alligators typically clock in at 790 pounds, with some tipping the scales at nearly 1,000 pounds.

In contrast, the Chinese alligator is much smaller, averaging under 7 feet and weighing just 99 pounds.

Crocodile sizes vary significantly by species. The dwarf crocodile, for instance, measures less than 5 feet and weighs under 100 pounds. On the opposite end of the spectrum is the saltwater crocodile, the largest species.

These giants can grow up to 23 feet long and weigh over 2,000 pounds. Found in regions like eastern India, northern Australia, and Southeast Asia, saltwater crocodiles are a sight to behold.

Alligators’ diets vary depending on their age and size. Young alligators consume small fish, insects, snails, worms, and crustaceans. As they grow, their menu expands to include turtles, larger fish, and semi-aquatic mammals such as muskrats.

Although rare, alligators have occasionally attacked humans, particularly in Florida, where urbanization encroaches on their habitats. Most of these incidents occur when humans get too close for comfort.

Crocodiles are carnivorous predators with a taste for vertebrates like fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Some even tackle larger prey, such as deer, buffalo, and wild boar. In extreme cases, crocodiles have been known to attack sharks and big cats.

As ambush predators, crocodiles rely on stealth, lying motionless until their prey comes within striking distance. Their patience and power make them formidable hunters.

Statistically, crocodiles are more dangerous than alligators. In Egypt, Nile crocodiles account for hundreds of attacks annually, with a fatality rate of 63%. India’s mugger crocodiles and Australia’s saltwater crocodiles are responsible for numerous deaths each year.

By comparison, alligator attacks are rare, with only eight fatalities recorded in the U.S. over the last decade. So, while both creatures deserve respect, crocodiles are the more fearsome predators.

Crocodiles typically live 30 to 40 years, though larger species can surpass 100 years. Remarkable examples include a 115-year-old crocodile in a Russian zoo and a saltwater crocodile in Australia believed to be 140 years old.

Alligators’ lifespans are less documented, but the oldest known alligator, Muja, resides in a Serbian zoo. Having arrived there in 1937, Muja is now over 80 years old