Mange in Dogs: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Sarcoptic mange occurs due to a tiny mite that burrows into a dog’s skin to lay eggs. After about three weeks, the eggs hatch, and the larvae begin to feed on the dog's skin, causing irritation and discomfort. This type of mange is highly contagious, spreading easily to other dogs and even humans. Though it causes intense itching in people, the mites cannot reproduce on human skin.

Once a dog is exposed to sarcoptic mange, it may take about 10 days for symptoms to appear, though in some cases, signs may not be noticeable for up to two months. The initial signs usually show up around the ears, and if left untreated, the infection can rapidly spread to areas like the chest, legs, and underbelly, causing widespread discomfort.

Identifying sarcoptic mange is relatively easy. The infestation leads to severe itching, persistent scratching, and the development of painful sores. Infected dogs often develop a rash, and over time, hair loss becomes evident. If the condition progresses, the skin may thicken, and swelling of the lymph nodes may occur.

A veterinarian’s diagnosis is crucial for confirming sarcoptic mange. While visible symptoms can offer clues, a vet typically performs skin scrapings to examine under a microscope, helping to detect the presence of mites accurately.

Treating sarcoptic mange usually involves medicated shampoos, ointments, and oral medications to eliminate mites. Additionally, washing the dog’s bedding and cleaning household areas thoroughly helps prevent reinfestation. During treatment, isolating the infected dog from other pets is important to stop the spread of the condition.

Demodectic mange is caused by mites that naturally reside in a dog's hair follicles. These mites are typically harmless, but if a dog’s immune system is compromised, they can multiply uncontrollably, leading to skin irritation and hair loss.

Unlike sarcoptic mange, demodectic mites are usually passed from the mother to her puppies shortly after birth. Many puppies carry the mites without developing symptoms. However, in cases where the infestation worsens, veterinary treatment becomes necessary. Treating the mother and practicing responsible breeding can help prevent the spread of demodectic mange.

The first signs of demodectic mange include patchy hair loss and red, irritated skin. As the condition worsens, affected areas may become scaly and swollen. Continuous scratching can lead to open sores and secondary infections that require prompt medical attention.

Veterinarians diagnose demodectic mange through skin scrapings analyzed under a microscope. These mites are easier to detect than sarcoptic mites. Vets may also consider the dog's history to determine whether the condition has been present since birth or if it developed later in life.