Everything You Need to Know About Hot Spots on Dogs

Hot spots, medically known as moist dermatitis, are red, inflamed patches on a dog's skin that can appear almost anywhere on the body. These irritations often begin small, resembling insect bites, but they can rapidly develop into larger sores if a dog repeatedly licks or scratches the area. Most hot spots are moist and ooze slightly due to the constant licking, leaving the surrounding fur damp. The condition can be very uncomfortable for dogs, leading to excessive chewing and licking, which only exacerbates the issue.

Hot spots are more common in certain breeds, particularly those with thick or long fur, as their dense coats can trap moisture against the skin. Additionally, dogs with sensitive skin or allergies are at a higher risk. It’s important to address hot spots early to prevent infection and alleviate your dog’s discomfort.

One of the leading causes of hot spots in dogs is allergies. Dogs can be allergic to many things, including certain foods, environmental factors like pollen or mold, and even specific materials such as wool or synthetic fabrics. When exposed to an allergen, dogs often develop itchy skin, prompting them to scratch, chew, or lick excessively. This repetitive behavior can break the skin and create open sores, which then develop into hot spots.

Food allergies, in particular, can be tricky to identify. They may manifest not only as hot spots but also as ear infections or gastrointestinal issues. Environmental allergies, on the other hand, tend to flare up during specific seasons when pollen counts are high. If you suspect allergies are the culprit, consult your veterinarian, as they may recommend allergy testing or a special diet to pinpoint and manage the triggers effectively.

Sometimes, a hot spot is a symptom of an underlying physical problem, such as joint pain. Dogs with arthritis or joint injuries may develop hot spots near the affected areas. This is because dogs instinctively lick or chew areas that cause them discomfort in an attempt to self-soothe. Over time, this behavior can irritate the skin and lead to hot spots.

Older dogs are particularly susceptible to this issue due to age-related joint problems. However, it’s not limited to senior dogs—injuries from accidents or overexertion can also cause pain in younger dogs, leading to similar behaviors. If you notice your dog focusing on one spot near a joint, it’s a good idea to have them examined by a vet to rule out underlying pain or injury.

Insects and parasites are another common cause of hot spots in dogs. Fleas, mites, ticks, and mosquitoes can irritate your dog’s skin with their bites, causing intense itching. Dogs may scratch or bite at the affected areas, sometimes to the point of breaking the skin. The result is often a hot spot that needs immediate attention.

For example, hot spots near the ears are frequently linked to ear mites, while those on the back or tail could indicate a flea infestation. Parasites can be challenging to spot, especially in thick-coated breeds, so regular flea and tick prevention measures are essential. If your dog has been outdoors in an area with high insect activity, check their skin closely for signs of bites or irritation.

Poor grooming habits or inadequate care can also contribute to hot spots. Dogs with long or dense fur are especially prone to developing mats, which can rub against the skin and cause irritation. When mats form, they pull on the skin, leading to redness and inflammation. If left unchecked, these areas can turn into hot spots as the dog tries to self-groom by licking or chewing at the mat.

Additionally, impacted anal glands can cause discomfort, prompting dogs to lick or bite around the base of their tails. This can lead to hot spots in that region. Regular grooming, including brushing, bathing, and trimming your dog’s coat, is key to preventing these issues. Pay special attention to areas prone to matting, such as behind the ears or under the legs.

Hot spots aren’t always caused by physical factors. Emotional issues like anxiety, stress, or boredom can also lead to this condition. When dogs feel stressed, they may develop repetitive behaviors, such as licking or chewing their paws and legs. Over time, this behavior can create open sores that develop into hot spots.

Boredom is another trigger, especially in highly active or intelligent breeds that don’t get enough mental or physical stimulation. Providing your dog with plenty of exercise, toys, and interactive activities can help reduce anxiety-related behaviors. If your dog continues to exhibit signs of stress, consider consulting a trainer or behaviorist for additional support.

Environmental conditions, such as heat and humidity, can play a significant role in the development of hot spots. Dogs with sensitive skin are particularly vulnerable during warm, wet weather. Prolonged exposure to water—whether from swimming, rain, or frequent baths—can leave a dog’s skin damp, creating the perfect environment for irritation and inflammation.

To prevent this, always dry your dog thoroughly after water activities and avoid over-bathing, which can strip the skin of natural oils. Using a dog-friendly conditioner can also help keep the skin hydrated and healthy.

While many hot spots are manageable at home, it’s essential to consult a veterinarian for a proper diagnosis. Hot spots can sometimes mimic other skin conditions, such as fungal infections or autoimmune disorders, so a vet’s expertise is invaluable in ruling out more serious issues.

Your vet can also help identify the underlying cause of the hot spot, whether it’s an allergy, parasite, or behavioral issue. Early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing recurring problems and ensuring your dog’s overall well-being.

The first step in treating a hot spot is addressing its underlying cause. If allergies or parasites are to blame, these must be treated to prevent future occurrences. To stop your dog from further irritating the area, an Elizabethan collar, or “cone,” is often recommended.

Your veterinarian may also prescribe topical or oral antibiotics to prevent infection, as well as anti-inflammatory medications to reduce swelling. Soothing ointments can help alleviate itching and pain, making the healing process more comfortable for your dog.

The good news is that most hot spots heal quickly with proper care. However, dogs prone to hot spots may experience recurring episodes throughout their lives. By identifying and addressing the root causes—whether they’re physical, environmental, or emotional—you can help minimize the frequency and severity of future outbreaks.

Regular grooming, a balanced diet, and plenty of mental stimulation are all part of a proactive approach to preventing hot spots. With the right care and attention, your furry friend can enjoy a healthy, happy life free from the discomfort of hot spots.